What is Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) and how is it managed?

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Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant. It happens when the donor's immune cells (the graft) attack the recipient's tissues (the host). GVHD can affect many different organs, including the skin, liver, intestines, eyes, and lungs.

There are two main types of GVHD:

Acute GVHD: This type of GVHD usually occurs within the first few months after a transplant. It can cause a variety of symptoms, including skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and liver problems.
Chronic GVHD: This type of GVHD can occur months or even years after a transplant. It can cause a wide range of symptoms, including dry eyes, dry mouth, skin thickening, joint pain, and lung problems.
The risk of GVHD is higher in people who receive stem cells or bone marrow from an unrelated donor or from a donor who is not a close match. The risk is also higher in people who have had certain types of cancer or who have received certain types of chemotherapy.

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GVHD can be a serious and even life-threatening condition. However, there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms and prevent the disease from getting worse. Treatment for GVHD may include:

Immunosuppressant medications: These medications help to suppress the immune system and prevent the donor's immune cells from attacking the recipient's tissues.
Corticosteroids: These medications help to reduce inflammation.
Other medications: Depending on the type and severity of GVHD, other medications may be used to treat specific symptoms.
If you have had a stem cell or bone marrow transplant, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of GVHD. If you experience any symptoms, contact your doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to improve the outcome of GVHD.

Other treatment information are also available by specialty:

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